Other Articles

"Good Communication that Blocks Learning." By Chris Argyris in Harvard Business Review, July-August, 1994, pp. 77-85. Argyris describes how organizations solve problems in a way that prevents them from addressing the more fundamental problems that give rise to them-what Argyris calls double-loop learning.

"Teaching Smart People How to Learn." By Chris Argyris in Harvard Business Review, May-June, 1991,pp. 99-109.

"Unlocking Organizational Routines that Prevent Learning." By Bob Putnam in The Systems Thinker, August, 1993, pp. 1-4. Putnam describes how individuals think and interact to create organizational defensive routines that keep them from learning.

"Three Faces of Eden: The Persistence of Competing Theories and Multiple Diagnoses in Organizational Intervention Research" by Amy Edmonson in Human Relations, Vol. 49, No. 4, 1996. Amy compares the work of Chris Argyris, Peter Senge and Ed Schein, highlighting similarities, differences, and benefits. Contact Amy directly at Harvard Business School for a reprint of this article. June, 1991,pp. 99-109.